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利分能治疗慢性乙肝的疗效如何? |
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<P>答:目前国内已经有近40余家生物制药企业生产干扰素。根据许多临床用药的经验,各干扰素品牌从疗效上几乎没有差异。据试验检测,利分能的疗效与国内外知名品牌相当。从某种意义上讲,干扰素目前的发展不是在比疗效,大家都是接近天然干扰素的疗效,主要是看谁能降低副反应发生率及抗体产生率。</P> |
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使用干扰素为什么会发烧? |
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<P>答:首先要说明,患者不管使用哪种干扰素都会有发烧现象,发热是干扰素的主要副作用之一。但是干扰素的这一副作用并不一定是坏作用。对干扰素而言发烧是其本来就要产生的一种作用,也就是说人体之所以发烧不是因为细菌或病毒等感染直接引起的,而是由于这些物质进入人体后,激活体内防御系统后产生了干扰素、白介素等物质,进而生成前列腺素造成的。干扰素作用之一就是激活并提高机体免疫系统。体温升高对机体有一种保护作用。研究表明体温升高有抑制病毒繁殖的作用。也有研究表明,治疗性体温升高到42℃,4小时内并未发生不可逆性器官损伤。所以干扰素所致的发烧并没有我们想象的那么可怕,相反,它却有可能成为干扰素起效的一个指征。</P> |
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利分能治疗慢性乙肝过程中出现转氨酶一过性升高,为什么?是否需要加用降酶药? |
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<P>答:干扰素清除病毒是通过调节免疫功能来实现的,清除病毒也就是机体免疫系统攻击已感染病毒的肝细胞的过程,会伴有肝脏的炎症反应,因此用干扰素治疗后5-8周,约50%的病人谷丙转氨酶迅速升高,这反映免疫系统被激活,而开始清除已感染病毒的肝细胞。一般在治疗3-4个月后谷丙转氨酶即恢复正常,并伴有HbeAg和HBV-DNA的转阴。谷丙转氨酶升高,是机体对于干扰素治疗有应答的标志,通常预后较好,对此不需要使用降酶药治疗,因为这反而会掩盖病人的反应,不利于观察疗效。</P> |
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乙肝病毒携带者(大三阳或小三阳或仅HbsAg阳性),伴或不伴HBV-DNA阳性,但肝功能正常,是否需要使用利分能治疗?对于此类病人应该如何观察和治疗? |
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<P>答:对于有自觉症状的携带者,建议行肝活检证实其肝脏组织是否有炎症,如果有异常,则须予干扰素进行治疗。对于健康携带者,一般不建议使用干扰素。此类病人应注意劳逸结合,合理膳食,避免应用对肝脏功能有损害的药物,应定期去医院检查肝功能,一旦出现异常应及早治疗。</P> |
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什么样的病乙肝病人适合使用利分能治疗?利分能在治疗过程中是否可加用保肝药、降酶药或中成药? |
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<P>答:慢性乙型肝炎,谷丙转氨酶升高或肝活检验证实肝组织有炎症,伴明显病毒复制(HBV-DNA)。不需要加用任何保肝药物和降酶药,因为保肝药和降酶药仅有降酶作用,并不能抑制病毒复制或减轻肝脏炎症,是"治标不治本",并且它们会影响观察药物的治疗效果,掩盖病人的治疗反应。一般也不建议加用中药,尤其是中成药,因为中成药常含有降酶成分药,仅可谨慎加用一至两种具有免疫调节和抑制病毒作用的中药,须是准字号国家正规药品。</P> |
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利分能如不慎放入冰箱冷冻层是否会失效?常温保存会不会影响疗效?如何判断其失效? |
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<P>答:利分能因为是冻干粉针剂,所以放入冷冻层不影响其效果,但尽量不要反复冻融。利分能正常应在2-8℃避光贮存,勿冷勿热,溶解后立即使用,有效期为两年半,常温保存数星期不影响疗效,但不可曝晒。如果发现已稀释过的药液不是澄清透明的液体,则不应使用。</P> |
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利分能应该用什么稀释?是否可用生理盐水? |
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<P>答:应使用1毫升无菌注射用水稀释后注射一般尽量不用生理盐水,因为生理盐水稀释后的溶液,其渗透压可能会上升,但无明显不良反应。</P> |
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雪达升、里亚金预充式的注射液与传统普通推注器有什么区别? |
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答:1、使用时无交叉感染,病房中不洁净的空气接触不到药品;
<P align=left>2、使用方便,无需抽药,无需安装针头,直接注射,一次性使用;</P>
<P align=left>3、针头采用无死腔设计,注射后无残留药液;</P>
<P align=left>4、适于患者自行注射,节省注射费用。</P>
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老年患者使用重组人促红素注射液有什么注意事项? |
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<P>答:高龄患者应用本品时因其生理机能低下,多数患者有高血压或循环系统疾病并发症,在使用本品时要注意监测血压及红细胞压积,并适当调整用药剂量及次数,建议在总治疗药剂量不变的情况下采取分次减量的治疗方法。</P> |
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贫血检查时机什么时候好? |
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<P>答:所有慢性肾脏病患者,不论其分期和病因,都应该定期检查Hb。女性Hb<1l0g/L,男性Hb<120g/L时应实施贫血检查。贫血检查和评估应该在EPO治疗前实施。</P> |
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